Septic systems play a significant role in managing household wastewater, impacting the environment both positively and negatively. When properly designed, installed and maintained, septic systems reduce the amount of sewage discharged into surface water bodies and lower the energy consumption needed for sewage treatment. They treat wastewater through a combination of sedimentation, bacterial breakdown, and soil filtration, protecting groundwater quality.

If septic systems are poorly managed, they can pose environmental risks. Groundwater and surface water pollution can occur when contaminants like bacteria, viruses and nutrients seep from the septic system into water sources. This can lead to contamination of drinking water supplies and promote algae growth in lakes and streams. Additionally, improper maintenance can result in soil contamination and unpleasant odors, highlighting the need for regular inspections and upkeep.

Adhering to regulations set by the Environmental Protection Agency and local authorities is crucial in mitigating these risks. Responsible usage, regular pumping and proper care of the septic system and drainfield can help prevent environmental damage.